Vertically flued coke oven battery having high and low burner nozzles in the flues



Aug. 14, 1.951 F VERTICALLY FLUED COKE OVEN AND Low BURNER NOZZLE FiledAug. 4, 1948 2 564 141 BATTERY HAVING HIGH S IN THE FLUES 2 Sheets-Sheet1 Q O INVENTOR Ike/2,15 W95/z@ Aug. 14, 1951 y F, WETHLY 2,564,141

VERTICALLY FLUED COKE OVEN BATTERY AHAVING HIGH AND Low BURNER NOZZLESIN THE FLUES Filed Aug. r4, y1948 2 SheetS-Shee. 2

Patented ug. 14, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE VERTICALLY FLUED COKEOVEN BATTERY HAVING HIGH AND LOW BURNER NOZ- ZLES IN THEl FLUES FransWethly, Manhasset, N. Y., assignor to Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation,New York, N. Y., a. corporation of New York Application August 4, 1948,Serial No. 42,426

l This invention relates to the design and construction of the heatingWalls of a vertically flued coke oven battery and more particularly tothe structure of the heating walls of underjet vering wall a low-burnernozzle alternates with a high-burner nozzle, the low-burner nozzlesbeing located at the base of the ues or'having a height from the base of-the flues not exceeding .5" per tically ued coke oven batteries. 5 footof vertical flue length, the high-burner To obtain more uniform heatingof the coknozzles in all flues except the group of flues at ing chamberwalls and thus produce a more unithe coke side of the battery having aheight from form rate of coking with consequent improvethe base of theflue of from 2" to 2.75 per foot ment in the quality of the coke, it hasbeen sugof flue length and the height of the high-burner gested t0provide the vertical flues in each vheat- 10 nozzles of the group of ueson the coke side of ing wall with low-burner nozzles alternating withthe battery gradually decreasing in a direction high-burner nozzles.Heretofore the high-burner towards the coke side of the battery at arate of nozzles have invariably been of the same height from to 50% perunit decrease, uniform and this irrespective of the height of thecokheating takes place with elimination of excesing Chambers. In sOmecases this has resulted in l5 sively hot oven tops avoiding cracking cfvaluable overheating of the gas collecting space at the by-products.This arrangement of the burner top 0f each coking Chamber Withconsequent nozzles, it has been found, properly takes into accracking ofby-products in the coke oven gas count the various factors affectingheating of the passing through this space into the collector maincharge, such as oven taper and the fact that and loss of valuable oils.It has also been suggreater heat radiation losses take placeatthesidesAgested to employ burner nozzles having removof the battery than at theremaining portions of able tipS Which Call be replaced by a 1102218 tip0f the heating walls flanking the coking chambers diereht height thlOughthe 100f 0f the battery so that more fuel gas must be fed to the flueson and thus control the effective height of the nozzle the coke side ofthe battery. It also takes into in each flue. As a practical matter,however, 25 account variations in the heights of the coking Once an ovenbattery iS placed inoperation it is chambers of different batteriessince the height of a diilicult, arduous and time-consuming task to theburner nozzles in the heating wall structure effect, during operation,removal and replaceof this invention is determined by the length of mentof one or more burner tips to position the the vertical flues which inturn is determined by burner nozzles in the flues at the desired height3o the height of the coking chambers. Hence, this fOr Optimum heating.In this Country, at least, invention results in a material improvementin all oven batteries built involving high and low the heating of thecoking chamber charges both burner nozzles in the flues have nozzle tipsperfrom the standpoint of eecting uniform coking manently bonded to theburner nozzle brickwork and avoiding overheating of the gas collectingbecause removable and replaceable tip-type space at the top of eachcoking chamber. burner nozzles have been found unsatisfactory In thepreferred embodiment illustrated on the for many reasons, including (l)they are more drawings, the invention is shown incorporated costly, (2)are more likely to break and crack, in an underjet coke oven battery andthe descripand (3) it is seldom, if ever, that a coke oven option whichfollows Will be confined chiefly to the erator will undertake to replaceone or more 40 present illustrated embodiment of the invention. burnertips in a heating wall of a coke oven bat- It will be understood,however, that the novel tery with burner tips of different heights inview features and improvements are not limited to this of the difcultyin so doing once the oven battery embodiment of the invention. Theinvention is placedin operation. includes, for example, coke ovenbatteries of the Among the objects of this invention is to protwin-flueand cross-over type in which the heatvide a vertical flue heating wallstructure in ing flues of one heating wall are connected with which theburner nozzles are arranged at a level the heating flues of anotherheating wall. Hence, to provide for more uniform heating of the thescope of this invention is not confined to the charge and to avoidoverheating the gas collectembodiment herein described. p ing space atthe top of the coking chamber. In the accompanying drawings forming apart Other objects and advantages of this invention of thisspecification and showing, for purposes will be apparent from thefollowing detailed deof exemplification, a preferred embodiment of thescription thereof: invention but without limiting the claimed inven- Ihave found that by arranging the burner tion to this embodiment, ynozzles so that in the vertical flues of each heat- Figure 1 is avertical section through a, heating 3 wall of a coke oven batteryembodying the present invention; and

Figure 2 is a composite fragmentary vertical section taken lengthwise ofthe battery, the left hand portion being taken in a plane passingthrough a charging opening and the right hand portion taken in a planepassing through the roof of the coking chamber in a locality between thecharging openings.

Referring to ,the'drawinga the coke oven battery comprises a deck oroven base I which extends the full length and width of the battery andsupports the battery brickwork. The deck I0 is ordinarily formed ofreinforced concrete and may be a single slab, although'preferably it isdivided into a plurality of :longitudinal sections separated byexpansion jointsyas is well known. This deck I0 is supported by amultiplicity of columns II which may be of reinforced concrete. Thesecolumns are disposed longitudinally of the battery and also crosswise ofthe battery. Concrete walls I2 and I3 are disposed at the sides of thebattery producing with the deck an enclosed basement space I4.Conventional pinion walls I5 (Figure 2) are provided at the ends of thebattery for additionally supporting deck member I0 and for retaining inplace the vbrickwork hereinafter described supported on the deck memberI0.

` Supported on deck I0 is a plurality of coking chambers I6 and aplurality of crosswise-extending intermediate heating walls I1. Eachcoking chamber in horizontal cross-section is of tapered shape as isconventional, the wide end of the coking chamber being on the coke sideof the battery, i. e., the side at which the coke is discharged from thecoking chambers, and the narrow end on the pusher side. Coal to be cokedis charged into the coking chambers through conventional chargingopenings I8 leading from the top of the battery to the coking chambers,which openings are equipped with the usual removable covers.

In the embodiment of the invention shown on the drawings each heatingAwall involves a row of vertical flues consisting of two exterior andtwo interior groups of ues, the exterior groups operating concurrentlyfor inflow while the interior groups operate concurrently for outflow.Upon reversal, the interior groups of flues operate concurrently forinflow while the exterior groups operate concurrently for outflow. Thusa concurrently operable group of flues I9-26, inclusive, on thepusherside of the battery is connected by horizontal flue 21 with thetops of an interior group of flues 28-35, inclusive. On the coke side ofthe battery an exterior group of flues 36-4I, inclusive, is connected byhorizontal flue 42 with an interior group of flues 43-49, inclusive.

The ilow through each flue may be regulated by a slide brick or damperbrick 50 to vary the extent of the passage connecting the vertical ueswith the horizontal flues through access flues 5I which extend from thehorizontal flues to the top of the battery. The tops of the vertical uesare disposed at a level below the top of the normal level of the chargeintroduced into the coking chamber, which latter level is indicated bythe reference character 52 in Figure 2 and defines the base of the gascollecting space 53 at the top of eachgcoking chamber. The topscommunicating only with of the vertical ues desirably are spaced from15" t to 30 below the normal charge level 52. By the tops of thevertical flues is meant the point 54 where the vertical flues join thehorizontal ilues 21, 42. Thus the length of each vertical ue Acoke ovengas or other .tributing mains 6I disposed in is the distance from thebase of the Ailue to point 54 where the flue joins the horizontal nue.

The base of each vertical ilue, it will be noted, is at the same levelas the base of the coking chambers I6. Further, the bases of allvertical flues in each heating wall are at the same level. Alternatevertical ilues of each heating wall each have at the base thereof alow-burner nozzle 55. This burner nozzle may have its tip flush with thebase of the vertical flue, may even be somewhat below the level of thebase of the vertical flue, or may extend to a height not exceeding .5"per foot of vertical ue length. Preferably each low-burner nozzle 55 isof a height of from .35" to .5" .per foot of flue length.

The remaining flues in the group of iiues I9-26. inclusive, namely flues20, 22, 24 and 26, are each provided with a high-burner nozzle 56 of aheight of from 2" to 2.75" per foot of vertical flue length. Flues 23,3I, 33, 35, 48, 46 and 44 are each provided with a high-burner nozzle ofthe same height as nozzle 56. In the group of flues 36-4I, inclusive, onthe coke side of the battery the high-burner nozzles are of graduallydecreasing height in a direction toward the coke side of the battery.Thus the high-burner nozzle 51 in flue 4I is of the same height as thehigh-burner nozzle 56. The high-burner nozzle 56 in flue 39 is of aheight within the range of from 1.6" to 2.2" per foot of flue length andthe high-burner nozzle 59 in flue 31 is of a height within the range voffrom 1.2" to 1.8" per foot of flue length; the height of the high-burnernozzles in the flues 4I, 39 and 31 decreases from one high-burner nozzleto the next by at least 15%, preferably by an amount within the range offrom 15% to 50%. Thus, for example, for a vertical ilue oven havingcoking chambers l2 high and vertical ues 8' 10%" high, nozzles 56 and 51may be 22 high, nozzle 58, 18" high and nozzle 59, 12 high. By theheight of bur-ner nozzle is meant the distance the burner nozzle extendsabove the base of the nue. Each burner nozzle is built up of brickworkpermanently bonded to the heating wall brickwork.

Each burner nozzle receives fuel gas, such as rich fuel gas, through anindividual uprising channel 66 extending through deck I0 and connectedat its lower end with one of a pair of crosswise extending gas disthebasement One Such pair space I4 near the top thereof.

of mains is provided for each heating wall. These,

crosswise extending mains 6I are provided with individual uprisingchannels 62; one of each pair of mains 6I is provided with suchchannelsthe exterior groups of flues in the heating wall thereabove and theother main of the pair with such channels communicating only with theinterior groups of flues in the heating wall thereabove. Each uprisingchannel 62 at the point where it is connected with main 6I is providedwith a flow regulator (not shown) controlling the flow of gas suppliedto the flue. This ilow regulator preferably is of the type described andclaimed in Patent 2,199,961 of May 7, 1940. These regulating devicesrequire attention and occasional adjustment by an attendant working inbasement space I4.

Each main 6I communicates with a rich gas supply main 63 connectedtherewith by means of piping 64. Main 63 is suitably insulated againstloss of heat. Piping 64 is provided with a three-way valve 65 and ashut-o1! valve 66 which is normally open. Leading into the three-wayvalve i! iS a pipe @l Awhich communicates with a decarbonizing air main68 suitably supported in the basement space I4. Operation of thethree-way valve'65 by the usual automatic reversal mechanism functionsto place the main 68 into communication with the main 63 serving tosupply coke oven gas to the inflow ilues and to place the decarbonizingair main 64 into communication with the vmains 6I to which coke oven gasis not .being supplied. Upon reversal of operation the three-way valveis operated to place decarbonizing air main in communication with thecross mains 6I to which previously fuel gas had been supplied inaccordance with customary procedure of supplying fuel gas anddecarbonizing air to the gas distribution systems of coke ovenbatteries. i

'Ihe regenerator structure of the battery' involves supporting pillarwalls 69 disposed directly below the heating walls I1 and rows` ofcrosswise extending regenerators 1d separated by the pillar Walls, eachrow of regenerators comprising two exterior regenerators and an interiorregenerator. The exterior regenerators of each row of regenerators areconnected by ports 1I withv the ex# terior groups of fiues on oppositesides of the coking chamber I6 thereabove. The interior regenerators ofeach row are likewise connected by ports 1I with the interior groups offlues on opposite sides of the coking chamber directly-above it.

When the .battery is operated as a combination oven, alternate exteriorregenerators of each exterior row of regenerators lengthwise of thebattery during one'period of operation operate for inflow of preheatedair, and the remaining exterior regenerators of each exterior rowlengthwise of the battery operate for inflow of lean fuel gas such asblast furnace or producer gas into the communicably connected outergroups of f-lues I9 to 26 and 36 to 4I, both inclusive, located onopposite sides of the coking chamber thereabove, while the products ofcombustion pass downwardly through the inner groups of fiues 28 to 35and 43 to 49 on opposite sides of each coking chamber into the innerregenerators. Upon reversal the inner regenerator of each crosswiseextending rowof regenerators and the ues communicating therewith operatefor inflow while products of combustion pass downwardly through theouter groups of nues into the outer regenerators; alternate regeneratorsof the inner regenerator row lengthwise of the battery operate forinflow of air and the remaining regenerators of this row operate forinflow oflean gas. Thus, all of the regenerators in alignmentlongitudinally of the battery operate simultaneously for flow in thesame direction. When operating with rich gas supplied through channels60 to the burner nozzles in the fiues, all of the inflow regeneratorsoperate for inflow of air to support combustion of the gas fed to theflues.

Located at thepusher side of the battery is an air channel or passageway12 running the full length of the battery to which air may be suppliedthrough one or both ends thereof. If desired, a fan or blower (notshown) may be disposed at one end of the air channel 12 with its outletarranged to blow the air at any desired pressure, say at about mm. ofwater above atmospheric, into the channel 12. The air admitted to thechannel may be passed through a filter cloth or other screen so thatclean air of predetermined humidity is admitted to the channel and flowsthrough openings 13 into the basement space I4 and from this space intothe regenerators.

Operating in this manner air of` constant oxygen content is admitted tothe regenerators throughout the year minimizing the necessity ofchanging adjustments of the regulating devices with seasonal changes inatmospheric conditions. Furthermore, comfortable conditions for theattendant are maintained in the basement space I4 at all times.

A chimney flue 14 is located on the coke side of the battery and runsthe full length thereof. Locatedat the same side of the battery as thechimney flue are reversingl valves 15 which may take various forms andwhich collectively provide for the discharge of lthe products ofcombustion from the regenerators through the sole channels 16, 11(Figure 2), into chimney flue 14 and for the supply of air and lean fuelgas to the regenerators. Air is supplied to the air inflow regeneratorsthrough passageways 18 communicably connecting 'the basement space I4with the sole channels 16, 11. Lean gas is supplied to the gas inflowregenerators from a lean gas main (not shown) communicating with theseregenerators through passageways 18. In the structure shown on Figure 1valves 18' control the flow of air from the basement space I4 throughthe passageways 18 into sole channels 16 or 11 of the air inflowregenerators; like valves control the flow of lean gas into the gasinflow regenerators. A valve 19 is provided for controlling the flow ofproducts of combustion from each sole channel 16, 11 of each outflowregenerator into the chimney flue 14. A butterfly valve is positioned ina passageway 8| connecting each sole channel 16, 11 with the chimneyflue 14, which butterfly valve may be suitably positioned by theoperator to obtain the desired stack draft, causing flow of the productsof combustion into the chimney flue 14.

It will be understood valves similar to 18' and 19 are provided for thesole channels communicating with each of the regenerators of each row ofregenerators, which valves control the flow of air into the air inflowregenerators from the base- 'ment space I4, the flow of lean gas intothe gas inflow regenerators and the flow of products of combustion fromthe outflow regenerators into the chimney flue 14. Thus, when the valves18 controlling the iiow of air and lean gas into the interiorregenerators along the length of the battery are closed, thecorresponding valves controlling the ow of air and lean gas into theexterior regenerators are open. Likewise, when the valves 19 controllingthe flow of products of combustion from the interior regenerators alongthe length of the battery into the chimney flue 14 are open, thecorresponding valves 19 in the passageways connecting the sole'channelsof the exterior regenerators with the chimney flue 14 are closed. Eachpassageway connecting the basement space with the sole channel may beprovided with a port 82 which may be throttled by removable andreplaceable finger bars.

It will be understood the above described regenerator, chimney flue andair duct structure represent one desirable arrangement and that otherarrangements of regenerators, air and gas supply means therefor andchimney 'iiues may be used.

By positioning the low-burners, as hereinabove described, in alternateflues of each heating wall, efficient heating of the charge at the baseof the coking chamber is accomplished. The position of the'high-burnershereinabove disclosed, it has been found, results in uniform heating ofthe charge and this Without causing spillage of unburned gas into thehorizontal connecting ilues which would resultl in combustion takingplace in these nues with consequent overheating of the gas-collectingspace. By having the highburner nozzles in the group of ilues on thecoke side of the battery of decreasing height, the necessary increasedamount of gas required to heat the larger charge in the wider end of thel coking chamber disposed at the coke side of the battery can besupplied and this without causing spillage of unburned gas into thehorizontal connecting flue, as has been the case in prior coke ovenconstructions involving highand lowburner nozzles.

The drawings illustrate the invention applied to a battery equipped withheating walls arranged in two exterior and two interior groups. It willbe evident that the invention includes batteries involving othervertical ilue arrangements, such for example as the twin vertical fluearrangement disclosed in my Patent No. 2,407,356 granted September 10,1946, and batteries in lwhich the vertical nues of one heating wall areinterconnected with those of another heating wall. This invention isapplicable to combination vertical flue oven batteries adapted to beheated by a rich gas such as coke oven gas and/or an extraneouslyderived gas such as blast furnace gas, as well as batteries designed tobe heated by rich gas exclusively. Further, as above indicated,the-invention may be incorporated in batteries having differentregenerators and waste heat ilue arrangements than that disclosed.

Since certain changes may be made without departing from the scope ofthe invention. it is intended that the above description shall be'interpreted as illustrative and not in a limitin sense.

What is claimed is:

1. In a coke oven battery having heating walls and coking chambersarranged in side by side alternate relationship, vertical heating nuesin each heating wall and alternate highand lowburner nozzles in thebases of the vertical heating flues of'each heating wall, thehigh-burner nozzles, except those in the vertical nues on the coke sideof the battery, being of substantially the same height and having aheight within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating iluelength and the high burner nozzles in the said flueson the coke side ofthe battery decreasing in height in a direction towards the coke side ofthe battery, the decrease in height of one highburner nozzle to the nextbeing at least 15% and the height of the highest high-burner nozzle insaid group of ilues at the coke sideof the battery being within therange of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating ilue length, thelow-burner nozzles being of substantially the same height and having aheight not exceeding .5" per foot oi heating due length. Y

3. In a coke oven battery having heating walls and coking chambersarranged in side by side alternate relationship, vertical heating iluesin each heating wall and alternate highand lowburner nozzles in thebases of the vertical heating ilues of each heating wall, thehigh-burner nozzles, except those in the group of vertical iiues on thecoke side of the battery, being of substantiallythe same height andhaving a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot ofheating flue, length and the high-burner nozzles in the group of liuesat the coke side of the battery decreasing in height in a. directiontoward the coke side of the battery from a maximum height within therange of from 2. to 2.75 per foot voi? heating flue length to a minimumheight within the range of from 1.2" to 1.8 per-foot of heating fluelength, the decrease in height from one high-burner nozzle to the nextbeing within the range of from 15 to 50%.

4. A coke oven battery having a series of alternate horizontal cokingchambers and heating walls therefor arranged in side by side relation,each heating wall comprising two exterior and two interior groups ofvertical ues, horizontal channels connecting the tops of the exteriorgroups, respectively, with the topsoi the adjacent interior groups, thetwo exterior groups being simultaneously operable for flow in onedirection and the two interior groups being simultaneously operable foriiow in the opposite direction, alternate lowand high-burner nozzles inthe base of the heating nues of each heating wall, the high-burnernozzles in al1 of said groups of ilues, except the group of flues onthe, coke side of the i battery, being oi substantially the same heightthe said ues on the coke side of the battery Y and coking chambersarranged in side by' side alternate relationship, vertical heating uesin each heating wall and alternate highand lowburner nozzles in thebases of the vertical heating flues of each heating wall, thehigh-burner nozzles, except those in the group of vertical ilues on thecoke side of the battery,V being of substantially the same height andhaving a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot ofheating ilue length and the high-burner nozzles in the said group ofilues at the coke side of the battery decreasing in height in adirection toward the coke side of the battery, the decrease in heightfrom one high-burner nozzle to the next being within the range of from15% to 50%,

the height or the highest high-burner nozzle in and having a heightwithin the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot of heating ilue length,the

high-burner nozzles in the group of ilues on the coke side of thebattery decreasing in height in a direction toward the coke side of thebattery from a maximum height Within the range of from 2. to 2.75 perfoot of heating ilue length to a minimum height within` the range offrom 1.2 to 1.8" per foot of heating iiue length.

5. A coke oven battery having a series of alternate horizontal cokingchambers and heating walls therefor arranged in side by siderelationship, each heating wall comprising two exterior and two interiorgroups of vertical ues, horizontal channels connecting the tops of theexterior groups, respectively with the tops of the adjacent interiorgroups, the two exterior groups being simultaneously operable for ilowinonedirection and the two interior groups being simultaneously operableIor iiow in the opposite direction, the

base of the heating es being all at the same level andon the same levelas the base of the coking chamber, alternate lowand high-burner nozzlesin the base or the heating ilues of each heating wall, the high-burnernozzles in all of said groups of flues, except the group of flues onvthe coke side of they battery, being of substantially the same heightand having a height within the range of from 2." to 2.75" per foot ofheating ilue length, the high-burner nozzles in the group of ilues onthe coke side of the battery decreasing in height in a direction towardthe coke side of the battery, the highest burner nozzle in said -9 10group of iiues having a. height within the range Number Name Date offrom 2." to 2.75" per foot of flue length, the 2,220,919 Staecke1 Nov.12,'1940 next highest a. height Within the range of from 2,224,920 OttoDec. 17, 1940 1.6" to 2.2" per foot of flue length and the lowest2,255,406 Becker Sept. 9, 1941 a height of from 1.2" to 1.8" per foot ofiie length, the decrease in heightl from one high- FOREIGN PATENTSburner nozzle to the next being within the range Number Country Date offrom 15% to 50% and the lowTburner nozzles 480,746 Germany 'Aug.7, 1929Vbeing of substantially the same height and hav- 294,992 Great BritainNOV- 4. 1929 ing a height within the range of from .35 to .5 10 492,735Germany Feb. 28, 1930 per foot of ue length. l 531.395 Germany Aug. 8,1931 FRANS WE'ITILY- OTHER REFERENCES REFERENCES CITED ClddOokI RecentDevelopments in By-prod- The following references are of record in the15 /lggle ggyCsuMrzuIvMgesl-li file of this patent:

brary. UNITED STATES PATENTS "The Wilputte Coke Oven. Copyright 1944 iNumber Name A Date by the Wilputte Coke Oven Corp. 30 pages.

1,748,142 otto Feb. 25, 1930 20

